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Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs)

Related Projects: EdgeChainMsingi
Difficulty: intermediate Updated: 12/11/2024

A cryptographic method letting you prove something is true without revealing the underlying data.

Analogy

The “Where’s Waldo” analogy: You prove you found Waldo by showing him through a tiny hole in a large sheet covering the page. The verifier sees Waldo exists, but learns nothing about where he is or what else is on the page.

General Examples

  • Prove you’re over 21 to a bar without showing your birthdate or address
  • Prove you have sufficient funds for a loan without revealing your total balance
  • Prove you’re a citizen of an approved country without revealing which one

Project Applications

EdgeChain

ProveYieldAboveThreshold circuit — farmer proves yield > quota without revealing actual harvest amount. The NGO verifies compliance; the farmer keeps their data private.

Msingi

BRACE protocol — device proves it’s registered without revealing which device it is (1/N anonymity). Uses commitment C = H(pk || r) where pk and r remain secret.

How It Works (Simplified)

  1. Prover has secret data (e.g., actual yield = 450kg)
  2. Prover generates cryptographic proof: “I know a value > 400kg”
  3. Verifier checks proof validity without learning 450kg
  4. Result: Statement verified, data protected