Blockchain_and_IoT-Based_Cognitive_Edge_Framework_for_Sharing_Economy_Services_in_a_Smart_City
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a Blockchain-based infrastructure to support security- and privacy-oriented spatio-temporal smart contract services for the sustainable Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled sharing economy in mega smart cities. The infrastructure leverages cognitive fog nodes at the edge to host and process offloaded geo-tagged multimedia payload and transactions from a mobile edge and IoT nodes, uses AI for processing and extracting significant event information, produces semantic digital analytics, and saves results in Blockchain and decentralized cloud repositories to facilitate sharing economy services. The framework offers a sustainable incentive mechanism, which can potentially support secure smart city services, such as sharing economy, smart contracts, and cyber-physical interaction with Blockchain and IoT. Our unique contribution is justified by detailed system design and implementation of the framework. INDEX TERMS Sharing economy, cognitive processing at the edge, mobile edge computing, Blockchain, smart city. I.
🌾 Nyakupfuya (Plain Language Summary)
Imagine our city is like a big village where people often share things – maybe borrowing a plough, a tractor, or even a special tool for a short time. Usually, you'd ask a trusted neighbor or the headman to help arrange things, making sure everyone gets their item back and pays fairly. This paper talks about a new way to do this sharing, but for a whole city, using technology. Think of all the small devices everywhere, like smart cameras on buses or sensors on shared bicycles – these are like the eyes and ears of the city, collecting information. These devices are called 'IoT' (Internet of Things). Now, instead of sending all that information far away to a big central office, this system uses 'fog nodes' which are like smaller, local offices spread throughout the city. These fog nodes are like the village elders who can quickly understand what's happening on the ground. They use 'AI' (Artificial Intelligence) – which is like a very smart assistant – to figure out important events from the collected information. For example, if a shared bicycle is left in the wrong place, the AI can notice it. All the important agreements and transactions, like who borrowed what and when, are recorded on something called a 'Blockchain'. This is like a special, unchangeable village ledger or a digital stamp that everyone can trust. Once something is written on the Blockchain, it can't be erased or changed, making it very secure. This means you don't need one single person or company in charge to make sure the sharing is fair; the technology itself ensures fairness. The system also keeps your personal information private, like keeping your family secrets safe, even when you are sharing services. So, what does this mean for us? It means that sharing services in our towns and cities can become much more secure, private, and efficient. Imagine being able to easily and safely rent a tool from someone across town, or share resources during a busy event like a festival, knowing that the system is fair and your information is protected. This technology can help our cities run more smoothly, like a well-managed co-op, making sure everyone benefits from shared resources.
🧠 Key Concepts
Blockchain
A secure digital record book that many people share and agree on, making it very hard to cheat.
💡 It's like a communal ledger in the village where every transaction, like selling cattle or sharing grain, is written down by many people. Once written and agreed upon, no single person can erase or change it, ensuring everyone trusts the record.
IoT (Internet of Things)
Everyday objects that are connected to the internet and can send and receive information.
💡 These are like the smart kraal (cattle enclosure) sensors that tell you how many cattle are inside, or a mobile phone that can send messages. In a city, it could be sensors on buses, traffic lights, or shared bikes.
Cognitive Edge / Fog Nodes
Small, smart computers located near where the information is collected, rather than far away in a central office.
💡 Imagine having a local headman or a community center in your village that can make quick decisions and process local information, instead of everyone having to travel to the main city council. These nodes are like that local decision-maker for technology.
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Computer programs that can learn and make decisions like humans.
💡 It's like having a very wise elder in the village who can look at past harvests, weather patterns, and market prices to predict the best time to plant or sell crops, and can learn from mistakes.
Sharing Economy
When people share or rent out things they own, like cars, tools, or even skills, instead of everyone buying their own.
💡 This is like when neighbors in the village agree to share a communal tractor for farming, or when a group of women form a savings club (mukando) and share funds. It's about using resources together more efficiently.
Smart Contracts
Automatic agreements written in computer code that run on a Blockchain.
💡 It's like a magical agreement that automatically releases payment once a service is confirmed. For example, if you agree to lend your hoe, the smart contract automatically sends the agreed payment from the borrower to you once they confirm they've returned it, all without needing a witness.
💪 Practical Implications
- ✓ This technology could enable a secure and efficient system for sharing resources within a community, such as tools, vehicles, or even specialized equipment, without needing a central authority.
- ✓ It could lead to better management of shared services in rural areas, potentially improving access to resources and fostering a more collaborative local economy.
- ✓ The privacy and security features could be applied to protect sensitive community data, such as agricultural yields or health information, while still allowing for analysis and sharing.
- ✓ A 'village version' could involve a trusted community group managing a digital ledger (like a blockchain) for local resource sharing, using mobile phones to record agreements and payments, with AI assisting in predicting needs or optimizing resource allocation.